Effects of by-product feed-based silage on feeding, rumination, and excretion in growing Hanwoo heifers

Table 4 Effects of by-product feed-based silage on feeding, rumination, chewing, and resting in growing Hanwoo heifers

Item	Diet ¹⁾ with			SE	p-value
Item	RS	RSBFS	BFS ²⁾	SE	p-value
	min/d
Eating time	289.0^a	230.8^b	159.8^c	17.6	0.0002
Per kg of DM	44.3^a	34.6^b	20.1^c	2.6	0.0001
Per kg of NDF	105.2^a	84.6^b	50.3^c	6.3	0.0001
Per kg of peNDF_8.0	149.2	138.3	131.4	10.9	0.2978
Per kg of peNDF_1.18	162.6^a	137.7 ^a	87.6 ^b	10.1	0.0001
Ruminating time	458.3^a	282.0^b	317.5^b	26.0	0.0002
Per kg of DM	70.2^a	42.2^b	39.9^b	3.7	0.0001
Per kg of NDF	166.8^a	103.4^b	100.0^b	9.1	0.0001
Per kg of peNDF_8.0	237.0^a	169.0^b	261.2^a	17.1	0.0012
Per kg of peNDF_1.18	257.9^a	168.3^b	174.1^b	14.9	0.0003
Chewing time³⁾	747.3^a	512.8^b	477.3^b	31.7	0.0001
Per kg of DM	114.5^a	76.8^b	60.0^c	4.6	0.0001
Per kg of NDF	271.9^a	188.0^b	175.0^b	11.5	0.0001
Per kg of peNDF_8.0	386.5^a	307.2^b	392.7^a	19.8	0.0033
Per kg of peNDF_1.18	420.5^a	306.1^b	261.7^b	18.1	0.0001
Resting time	692.8^b	927.3^a	962.8^a	31.3	0.0001
Standing time	791.8^a	504.8^b	668.0^a	44.5	0.0004
Sitting time	648.2^b	935.2^a	772.0^b	44.5	0.0004

¹⁾The three diets were as follows: RS (free access to rice straw); RSBFS (free access to rice straw and BF-based silage); and BFS (free access to BF-based silage).
²⁾BF-based silage (BFS) was a by-product feed-based silage, which was composed of 50% spent mushroom substrate, 21% recycled poultry bedding, 15% ryegrass straw, 10.8% rice bran, 2% molasses, 0.6% bentonite, and 0.6% microbial culture, and was ensiled for over 2 weeks.
³⁾Chewing time = eating time + rumination time.
^a,b,cMeans with different superscripts within the same row are significantly different (p < 0.05).

ISSN: 2055-0391