Effects of by-product feed-based silage on feeding, rumination, and excretion in growing Hanwoo heifers

Table 6 Effects of feeding by-product feed-based silage on feeding rate, rumination efficiency, and chewing efficiency in growing Hanwoo heifers

Item	Diet ¹⁾ with			SE	p-value
Item	RS	RSBFS	BFS ²⁾	SE	p-value
Eating rate³⁾	1,365.8^b	1,751.6^b	3,016.6^a	167.1	0.0001
Ruminating efficiency⁴⁾	857.6^b	1,446.6^a	1,516.7^a	119.5	0.0007
Chewing efficiency⁵⁾	525.2^c	788.4^b	1,003.9^a	50.2	0.0001

¹⁾The three diets were as follows: RS (free access to rice straw); RSBFS (free access to rice straw and BF-based silage); and BFS (free access to BF-based silage).
²⁾BF-based silage (BFS) was a by-product feed-based silage, which was composed of 50% spent mushroom substrate, 21% recycled poultry bedding, 15% ryegrass straw, 10.8% rice bran, 2% molasses, 0.6% bentonite, and 0.6% microbial culture, and was ensiled for over 2 weeks.
³⁾Voluntary intake (DM g/d)/feeding time (h/d).
⁴⁾Voluntary intake (DM g/d)/rumination time (h/d).
⁵⁾Voluntary intake (DM g/d)/chewing time (h/d).
^a,b,cMeans with different superscripts within the same row are significantly different (p < 0.05).