Rumen fermentation and performance of Hanwoo steers fed total mixed ration with Korean rice wine residue

Table 3 In vitro volatile fatty acid concentration as affected by the addition of Korean rice wine residue (RWR)

Parameters	Incubation time (h)	Con	T1	T2	SEM	P value	P value
Parameters	Incubation time (h)	Con	T1	T2	SEM	All	C vs T
Acetate	0	23.88	23.56	23.57	0.163	0.075	0.081
(mM)	12	31.74^a	28.52^ab	26.64^b	1.348	0.101	0.050
	24	38.05^a	36.04^ab	32.54^b	1.310	0.075	0.067
	48	41.81	41.21	40.77	0.361	0.387	0.224
Propionate	0	5.09	5.10	5.24	0.059	0.238	0.199
(mM)	12	13.87	11.06	9.79	1.238	0.169	0.080
	24	18.44^a	16.49^a	12.60^b	0.558	0.017	0.016
	48	20.64	19.14	19.92	0.574	0.297	0.191
Butyrate	0	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
(mM)	12	8.51^a	7.38^ab	5.71^b	0.568	0.062	0.051
	24	8.83^b	10.82^b	15.64^a	1.060	0.015	0.021
	48	11.74	12.12	15.28	1.735	0.404	0.430
Total VFA	0	28.97	28.67	28.81	0.087	0.269	0.236
(mM)	12	54.13	46.96	42.15	2.699	0.068	0.017
	24	69.95^a	63.35^b	60.78^b	1.569	0.014	0.030
	48	74.19	72.47	75.98	2.379	0.578	0.761
A:P	0	4.69^a	4.62^ab	4.50^b	0.025	0.001	0.002
	12	2.33	2.64	2.73	0.155	0.243	0.302
	24	2.32	2.21	2.59	0.105	0.126	0.057
	48	2.03	2.15	2.05	0.052	0.409	0.330

Values are shown as mean. Means for the same period (0 h, 12 h, 24 h, or 48 h) marked with the same letters (a > b > c) did not differ significantly within treatments (P < 0.05), as determined by Duncan's multiple range test. SEM is the standard error mean. C vs T is the comparison between control and treatments. Control (Con: 0 % RWR + TMR), Treatment 1 (T1: 10 % RWR + TMR), Treatment 2 (T2: 15 % RWR + TMR)

ISSN: 2055-0391