Effect of choline chloride supplementation on milk production and milk composition of Etawah grade goats

Table 4 Effect of choline chloride supplementation through forced drinking on milk yields, milk composition and milk constituent yields responses of goats

Variables	Level of choline chloride (g/2days)^a			SEM	P values
	0	4	8
Average daily milk yields, ml/d	659^d	771^c	697^cd	77.34	0.039
Average daily milk yields, g/d	678^d	793^c	717^cd	77.34	0.039
Average daily 4 % FCM yields, g/d	756^d	943^c	870^cd	91.28	0.004
Total milk yields 12 weeks, kg	56.90^d	66.54^c	60.18^cd	6.53	0.034
Feed conversion ratio^b	1.58^c	1.31^c	1.41^d	0.07	<0.0001
Milk composition, %
Fat	4.77^c	5.26^d	5.42^c	0.07	<0.0001
Protein	3.49^d	3.61^c	3.65^c	0.10	0.012
Lactose	6.23^d	6.28^d	6.56^c	0.09	<0.0001
Specific gravity	1.028	1.028	1.028	0.00	0.251
Solid non fat	10.19^d	10.47^c	10.45^cd	0.09	0.009
Total solids	15.24^d	15.45^cd	15.87^c	0.45	0.036
Milk constituents yields, g/d
Fat	32.29^d	41.71^c	38.86^c	4.02	0.001
Protein	23.63^d	28.63^c	26.17^cd	2.78	0.013
Lactose	42.18^d	49.77^c	47.00^cd	6.46	0.039
Solid non fat	70.93^d	80.76^c	74.88^c	10.63	0.009
Total solids	103.24^d	122.45^c	113.71^cd	11.97	0.038
Income over feed cost, U$	0.93^d	1.11^c	0.97^cd	1.883	0.037

^aBasal diet was supplemented with choline chloride through forced drinking technique
^bFeed conversion ratio = dry matter intake/4 % fat corrected milk yields
^c,dValues followed by different superscripts in the same row differ significantly (p < 0.05)
SEM standard error of the means
4 % fat corrected milk (FCM) = (0.4 x milk yields) + (0.15 x milk yields x % fat)