| |
Treatmentc
|
Level of significance
|
|---|
|
Control
|
T1
|
T2
|
T3
|
|---|
|
IMF (%)
|
1.90 ± 0.80
|
2.90 ± 1.22
|
2.66 ± 0.23
|
2.78 ± 0.99
|
NS
|
|
Fatty acids
|
|
SFA (%)
|
43.7 ± 0.35a
|
43.6 ± 0.61a
|
43.2 ± 0.59a
|
41.5 ± 0.81b
|
*
|
|
MUFA (%)
|
44.1 ± 0.63
|
44.4 ± 1.01
|
43.7 ± 0.80
|
45.0 ± 1.22
|
NS
|
|
PUFA (%)
|
12.1 ± 0.21b
|
12.0 ± 0.45b
|
13.1 ± 0.55a
|
13.6 ± 0.65a
|
*
|
|
PUFA:SFA
|
0.28 ± 0.02b
|
0.28 ± 0.02b
|
0.30 ± 0.01ab
|
0.33 ± 0.01a
|
*
|
|
n-6 (%)
|
11.6 ± 0.97
|
11.4 ± 1.79
|
12.4 ± 1.51
|
12.9 ± 0.41
|
NS
|
|
n-3 (%)
|
0.57 ± 0.06
|
0.58 ± 0.10
|
0.67 ± 0.14
|
0.68 ± 0.15
|
NS
|
|
n-6:n-3
|
20.3 ± 1.31
|
19.7 ± 1.37
|
18.7 ± 1.93
|
19.6 ± 4.61
|
NS
|
|
h/H index
|
1.78 ± 0.07b
|
1.83 ± 0.07b
|
1.91 ± 0.11b
|
2.09 ± 0.12a
|
**
|
|
Cholesterol (mg/100 g)
|
|
Total cholesterol
|
99.1 ± 1.46a
|
96.4 ± 0.97ab
|
98.1 ± 2.60ab
|
94.4 ± 2.46b
|
*
|
|
HDL cholesterol
|
25.3 ± 1.23
|
29.4 ± 3.60
|
29.2 ± 0.39
|
25.5 ± 1.61
|
NS
|
|
LDL cholesterol
|
51.4 ± 1.40a
|
45.2 ± 3.13b
|
46.6 ± 1.40b
|
47.4 ± 1.52b
|
*
|
-
cControl: basal diet; T1: basal diet with 0.3 % PP powder; T2: basal diet with 0.6 % PP powder; T3: basal diet with 0.9 % PP powder
- Results are expressed in mean value ± SD
- Levels of significance: NS = not significant; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01
-
a-bMeans within a row with different superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05)
-
Abbreviations: SFA saturated fatty acid, MUFA monounsaturated fatty acid, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid, n-6 sum of linoleic (C18:2n-6) γ-linolenic (C18:3n-6), eicosadienoic (C20:2n-6), and arachidonic (C20:4n-6) acids, n-3 sum of α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3), eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n-3), EPA (C20:5n-3), and DHA (C22:6n-3), n-6:n-3 ratio of n-6 to n-3, h:H index ratio of hypocholesterolemic to hypercholesterolemic potential [h/H = (18:1n-9 + 18:2n-6 + 20:4n-6 + 18:3n-3 + 20:5n-3 + 22:5n-3 + 22:6n-3)/(14:0 + 16:0)], HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein
