Skip to main content

Table 3 Serum levels of cytokines in different study groups

From: Intrauterine diabetic milieu instigates dysregulated adipocytokines production in F1 offspring

Age (Weeks)

Sex

CF1-CD

CF1-HCD

DF1-CD

DF1-HCD

Adiponectin (ng/ml)

5

Male

12.8 ± 1.2

12.5 ± 1.3

12.4 ± 1.5

12.1 ± 1.1

Female

17.9 ± 1.5***

16.9 ± 1.6***

17.0 ± 1.6***

16.8 ± 1.8***

10

Male

13.2 ± 0.9

13 ± 1.2

12.0 ± 1.3*

11.4 ± 1.2*,**

Female

17.6 ± 1.4***

16.5 ± 1.5***

16.7 ± 1.5

16.2 ± 1.7***

15

Male

13.6 ± 1.4

13.1 ± 1.2

12.0 ± 1.4

11.2 ± 1.1*,**

Female

17.1 ± 1.5***

16.4 ± 1.2***

16.5 ± 1.6***

16.3 ± 1.5***

20

Male

14 ± 1.1

12.6 ± 1.32*

11.8 ± 1.2*

9.8 ± 1*,**

Female

16.8 ± 1.6***

16.5 ± 1.5***

16.1 ± 2***

15.6 ± 2***

25

Male

14.2 ± 1.3

12.4 ± 1.3*

10.5 ± 1.4*,**

9.3 ± 1.2*,**

Female

16.7 ± 2***

16.6 ± 2***

15.6 ± 1.8***

14.9 ± 2*,**

30

Male

14.8 ± 1.2

12.5 ± 1.2*

10.0 ± 1.3*,**

9.2 ± 1.1*,**

Female

16.6 ± 1.9***

16.4 ± 1.9***

15.4 ± 2***

14.2 ± 1.9*,**,***

Leptin (ng/ml)

5

Male

0.54 ± 0.08

0.56 ± 0.07

0.62 ± 0.11*

0.62 ± 0.1*

Female

1.6 ± 0.1***

1.64 ± 0.12***

1.71 ± 0.08***,**

1.68 ± 0.11**

10

Male

0.3 ± 0.09

0.44 ± 0.09*

0.38 ± 0.12*

0.46 ± 0.1*

Female

1.1 ± 0.09***

1.18 ± 0.14***

1.3 ± 0.07*,**,***

1.43 ± 0.12*,**,***

15

Male

0.26 ± 0.08

0.43 ± 0.11*

0.34 ± 0.09*,**

0.45 ± 0.14*

Female

0.94 ± 0.08***

0.96 ± 0.1***

1.04 ± 0.11***

1.22 ± 0.08*,**,***

20

Male

0.24 ± 0.11

0.41 ± 0.09*

0.330.08*,**

0.44 ± 0.12*

Female

0.81 ± 0.11***

0.9 ± 0.06***

0.95 ± 0.09*,***

1.3 ± 0.11*,**,***

25

Male

0.22 ± 0.09

0.4 ± 0.11*

0.31 ± 0.1*,**

0.45 ± 0.14*

Female

0.84 ± 0.12***

0.91 ± 0.14***

0.97 ± 0.12*,***

1.34 ± 0.1*,**,***

30

Male

0.19 ± 0.09

0.41 ± 0.11*

0.3 ± 0.05*,**

0.42 ± 0.15*

Female

0.9 ± 0.1***

0.95 ± 0.1***

0.97 ± 0.15***

1.36 ± 0.12*,**,***

TNF-α (pg/ml)

5

Male

17 ± 2.1

23 ± 2.1*

26 ± 2.4*,**

29 ± 2.3*,**

Female

23 ± 3***

24 ± 2.5

24 ± 2.7

26 ± 3*,***

10

Male

19 ± 2.3

22 ± 2.4*

37 ± 2.3*,**

46 ± 4*,**

Female

25 ± 3***

26 ± 2.6***

31 ± 3.4*,**,***

29 ± 5*,**,***

15

Male

19 ± 2

23 ± 2*

42 ± 2.6*,**

55 ± 5.3*,**

Female

27 ± 4***

31 ± 3*,***

33 ± 3.1*,***

34 ± 5*,***

20

Male

20 ± 2.4

25 ± 2.4*

52 ± 2*,**

61 ± 6*,**

Female

29 ± 3***

33 ± 2.5*,***

32 ± 3***

36 ± 5*,***

25

Male

21 ± 2.1

27 ± 2.1*

60 ± 2.3*,**

66 ± 7*,**

Female

30 ± 2***

34 ± 3*,***

33 ± 4***

41 ± 6*,**,***

30

Male

22 ± 1.8

31 ± 2.2*

71 ± 2.1*,**

74 ± 7.8*,**

Female

32 ± 3***

35 ± 3***

35 ± 3.8***

44 ± 7*,**,***

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 10)
  2. Abbreviations denote: CF1-CD; F1 offspring of control mothers under control diet, CF1-HCD; F1 offspring of control mothers under HCD, DF1-CD; F1 offspring of diabetic mothers under control diet, and DF1-HCD; F1 offspring of diabetic mothers under HCD
  3. *Significant different from CF1-CD by ANOVA (p < 0.05)
  4. **Significant different from CF-HCD by ANOVA (p < 0.05)
  5. ***Significant different from male at each age by t-test (p < 0.05)