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Table 2 Effect of cashew nut shell liquid and monensin supplementation under different dietary conditions on in vitro gas production

From: Potency of cashew nut shell liquid in rumen modulation under different dietary conditions and indication of its surfactant action against rumen bacteria

Gases mL/culture

Forage to concentrate ratio

P-value

9:1

7:3

5:5

3:7

1:9

Control

Treatment

Control

Treatment

Control

Treatment

Control

Treatment

Control

Treatment

Additive

Diet

A × D

Cashew nut shell liquid

 Total gas

4.00abc

3.58bc

4.84ab

4.27abc

4.87ab

3.32c

5.08a

3.56bc

4.81ab

3.69abc

<0.001

0.173

0.213

 CO2

3.44ab

2.96ab

3.95ab

3.72ab

3.93ab

2.81b

4.08a

3.01ab

3.78ab

3.18ab

<0.001

0.200

0.349

 CH4

0.54bc (100)

0.60bc (111)

0.88abc (100)

0.54c (61)

0.93ab (100)

0.50c (54)

0.98a (100)

0.53c (54)

1.02a (100)

0.50c (49)

<0.001

0.103

0.008

 H2

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.744

0.466

0.428

Monensin

 Total gas

4.62

4.44

5.75

4.80

5.47

4.82

5.17

4.68

5.31

4.39

0.009

0.442

0.742

 CO2

3.61

3.30

4.47

3.71

4.03

3.69

3.79

3.66

3.96

3.50

0.059

0.535

0.875

 CH4

1.13ab (100)

1.14ab (101)

1.27a (100)

1.08ab (85)

1.43a (100)

1.12ab (85)

1.36a (100)

1.01ab (78)

1.35a (100)

0.73b (54)

<0.001

0.295

0.092

 H2

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.001

0.642

0.949

  1. Values in parenthesis are relative percentages of methane production in treatment to that in control
  2. A × D indicates interaction between additive and diet effects
  3. a-cMeans within a row with different superscripts significantly differ (P < 0.05)