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Table 1 List of some Long non-coding RNAs and their role in different tissues

From: Long non-coding RNA: its evolutionary relics and biological implications in mammals: a review

SN

Type or Family

Target Tissue

Role

Reference

1

Heat shock RNA1 (HSR1)

Various tissues

• stimulates trimerization of heat-shock factor

1 (HSF1)with eukaryotic translation elongation

factor 1A

[91]

2

Meiotic recombination hot spot1 locus (Mrhl)

Located in nucleus

• Regulate spermatogenesis

[23]

3

HongrES2

Expressed specifically in the cauda-epididymis

• The transcript mil-HongrES2 inhibits

expression of an epididymis-specific protein CES7 and its cholesterol esterase activity;

• its overexpression results in retarded sperm

capacitation

[70]

4

Testis-specific X-linked (Tsx)

Expressed in pachytene

spermatocytes

• regulatory role in germline meiotic division

[1]

5

Dmrt1-related gene (Dmr)

Testis-specific

• essential transcription factor that promotesspermatogonial development by up-regulating

Sohlh1 (Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis Specific Basic Helix-Loop-Helix 1);

• prevents premature meiosis in spermatogonia

by repressing Stra8 (Gene stimulated by retinoic acid 8)

[76]

6

Homeobox antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR)

Gastric adenocarcinoma tissues, Lung, Breast, Kidney

• Promotes cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis

• Increased expression may affect genomic relocalization of the polycomb repressive complex 2;

• Can enhance trimethylation of H3K27;

• biomarker for poor prognosis in colorectal cancer

[32, 48]

7

Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1)

Lung, pancreas

• Promotes cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis

• Knockdown of MALAT1 (in HCC cell line) demonstrated amarked reduction in tumor progression. So it can be used as negative prognostic biomarker

[29]

8

Maternally Expressed Gene (MEG3)

Glioma cells, bladder, gastric tissues

• Tumor suppressive

• Due to down-regulated expression in various tumor conditions including meningioma and glioma, it acts as tumor suppressor

[104]

9

Taurineupregulated gene 1 (TUG1)

Osteosarcoma tissue

• Tumor suppressive

• Inhibit apoptosis

[115]

10

GAS5

Lung, breast, colorectal, kidney, prostate

• Induces apoptosis and suppresses miR-21 expression

[92]

11

BRAF Activated Noncoding RNA (BANCR)

Lung

• Tumor suppressive

[96]

12

H19

Lung

• Tumor suppressor gene

• Higher H19 expression due to demethylation of promoter region results in induction of lung cancer

[12, 77]