From: Long non-coding RNA: its evolutionary relics and biological implications in mammals: a review
SN | Type or Family | Target Tissue | Role | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Heat shock RNA1 (HSR1) | Various tissues | • stimulates trimerization of heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1)with eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A | [91] |
2 | Meiotic recombination hot spot1 locus (Mrhl) | Located in nucleus | • Regulate spermatogenesis | [23] |
3 | HongrES2 | Expressed specifically in the cauda-epididymis | • The transcript mil-HongrES2 inhibits expression of an epididymis-specific protein CES7 and its cholesterol esterase activity; • its overexpression results in retarded sperm capacitation | [70] |
4 | Testis-specific X-linked (Tsx) | Expressed in pachytene spermatocytes | • regulatory role in germline meiotic division | [1] |
5 | Dmrt1-related gene (Dmr) | Testis-specific | • essential transcription factor that promotesspermatogonial development by up-regulating Sohlh1 (Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis Specific Basic Helix-Loop-Helix 1); • prevents premature meiosis in spermatogonia by repressing Stra8 (Gene stimulated by retinoic acid 8) | [76] |
6 | Homeobox antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) | Gastric adenocarcinoma tissues, Lung, Breast, Kidney | • Promotes cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis • Increased expression may affect genomic relocalization of the polycomb repressive complex 2; • Can enhance trimethylation of H3K27; • biomarker for poor prognosis in colorectal cancer | |
7 | Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) | Lung, pancreas | • Promotes cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis • Knockdown of MALAT1 (in HCC cell line) demonstrated amarked reduction in tumor progression. So it can be used as negative prognostic biomarker | [29] |
8 | Maternally Expressed Gene (MEG3) | Glioma cells, bladder, gastric tissues | • Tumor suppressive • Due to down-regulated expression in various tumor conditions including meningioma and glioma, it acts as tumor suppressor | [104] |
9 | Taurineupregulated gene 1 (TUG1) | Osteosarcoma tissue | • Tumor suppressive • Inhibit apoptosis | [115] |
10 | GAS5 | Lung, breast, colorectal, kidney, prostate | • Induces apoptosis and suppresses miR-21 expression | [92] |
11 | BRAF Activated Noncoding RNA (BANCR) | Lung | • Tumor suppressive | [96] |
12 | H19 | Lung | • Tumor suppressor gene • Higher H19 expression due to demethylation of promoter region results in induction of lung cancer |