In vitro evaluation of nano zinc oxide (nZnO) on mitigation of gaseous emissions

Table 3 Effect of nZnO levels on the rumen fluid VFA (n = 4 observations/treatment)

Effects	Alfalfa	Maize silage	Control	100 μg g⁻¹	200 μg g^− 1	500 μg g^− 1	1000 μg g^− 1	SEM^a	P value
Effects	Alfalfa	Maize silage	Control	100 μg g⁻¹	200 μg g^− 1	500 μg g^− 1	1000 μg g^− 1	SEM^a	Feed	nZnO	nZnO^a Feed
Acetic Acid (mM)	108x	107x	122a	97.1b	98b	108ab	114a	14.15	0.832	0.005	0.172
Propionic Acid (mM)	33.05x	49.53y	50.88a	34.01c	36.94bc	41.11bc	43.50ab	7.68	<.0001	0.002	0.688
P/A ratio	0.306x	0.444y	0.423a	0.389a	0.369a	0.379a	0.380a	0.058	0.189	0.004	0.007
Total VFA (mM)	161x	173x	193a	149c	152bc	166bc	174ab	21.51	0.086	0.002	0.743

^aData are presented as least square means per treatment ± SEM
Means followed by the letters (x/y/a/b/c/d) in each VFA type are not significantly different at P ≤ 0.05
VFA Volatile Fatty Acid, P/A Propionic acid to Acetic acid ratio

ISSN: 2055-0391